The Japanese were also almost at the end of their supplies and Yamashita wanted to avoid costly house-to-house fighting. [165][166] The Japanese sought vengeance against the Chinese and anyone who held anti-Japanese sentiments. Over the course of a day, they found large concentrations of troops, although they were unable to locate any landing craft. Adding to the panic, they were being bombed. . Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. [67], Shortly before 20:30 on 8 February, the first wave of Japanese troops from the 5th Division and 18th Division began crossing the Johor Strait. [91] Late on 9 February, the Imperial Guards began assaulting the positions held by the 27th Brigade, concentrating on those held by the 2/26th Battalion. The honour of the British Empire and of the British Army is at stake. Of the Australian battalions, three had drawn heavily upon undertrained recruits, new to the theatre. Ideally the passage over open water was made at night and where possible vessels laid up in the day close to, or under cover of, islands. Many European and Eurasian women and children were evacuated before the end of December. In February 1942 Geoffrey Charles Whitaker was a retired RN officer on the Emergency List living in Singapore. Russell-Roberts, Denis, Spotlight on Singapore, Times Press, Douglas, IOM, 1965. Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters Ian Skidmore 4.00 3 ratings0 reviews Want to read Buy on Amazon Rate this book 198 pages, Unknown Binding First published January 1, 1974 Book details & editions Loading interface. Unable to add item to List. [145], Bennett's party eventually made its way back to Australia while between 15,000 and 20,000 Australian soldiers were reportedly captured. Having decided to face the inevitable with a last bottle of bubbly, they were interrupted by some Dalforce officers2. The surviving garrison was marched into Japanese prison camps, some never to return. His relations with senior British commanders and staff in Malaya were, at times, strained, as he grappled to maintain control of the Australian troops. Those ashore on Pompong, with some supplies, were estimated at about 200 women and children, 30 to 40 civilian men and 400 from the three services, which included many with severe injuries. By 5 pm a scratch crew and passengers, which now included LTCOL McKerron, had been assembled, totaling about 30 men. (31st January 1942 British and Commonwealth forces withdrew from the mainland to Singapore) My mother and two younger sisters (Audrey and Ann) left Singapore on December 22nd (the same day as. [8][9] The basic plan for taking Singapore was worked out in July 1940. The converted riverboat Wah Sui,not an internationally registered hospital ship, but painted white with large red crosses on both sides, had already been used to evacuate wounded from Singapore to Java and was now anchored in the harbour. After ML310was attacked by enemy ships she grounded on Tjebia Island about 30 miles north of Banka Strait. Major Geoffrey Rowly-Conwy of the Royal Artillery refuses to obey an order to surrender to the Japanese as they close in on Singapore. Dutch officials were appalled at their unruly behavior and could not wait to be rid of their unwelcome guests. Geoffrey Alexander Rowley-Conwy Langford Baron (1912-). Of these, more than 7000 would die as prisoners of war. The Japanese, however, were well aware of this deadly game of cat and mouse and had set a trap with aircraft overhead and ships guarding the Straits which caused havoc. [6][7] During 1940 and 1941, the Allies imposed a trade embargo on Japan in response to its campaigns in China and its occupation of French Indochina. With the ships engines irreparable and taking on water the Captain ordered abandon ship. A British lieutenantacting as an envoy with a white flagapproached Japanese forces but was killed with a bayonet. The Fall of Singapore, also known as the Battle of Singapore,[c] took place in the SouthEast Asian theatre of the Pacific War. The three set off in a motor car bearing a Union Jack and a white flag of truce toward the enemy lines to discuss a cessation of hostilities. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters at Amazon.com. [167][168] The other ethnic groups of Singaporesuch as the Malays and Indianswere not spared. [76][h] From 27 to 30 January, another 48 Hurricanes arrived on the aircraft carrier HMSIndomitable. A US submarine S-39was sent to look for the survivors but they could not be found. The growth of this list from small beginnings is the result of people contacting me via the Cofepow website and contributing further information. [144] Following the surrender, Bennett caused controversy when he decided to escape. At noon on Sunday 15 February 1942 Lieutenant Colonel Patrick McKerron met with his sister and brother-in-law, Charles Vlieland, who was Secretary for Defence, Malaya, regarding the imminent surrender of the garrison. Conventional British military thinking was that the Japanese forces were inferior and characterised that the Malayan jungles as "impassable"; the Japanese were repeatedly able to use it to their advantage to outflank hastily established defensive lines. Survival at sea after the fall of Singapore. Major Geoffrey Rowly-Conwy of the Royal Artillery refuses to by Ian Skidmore [11], Japanese oil reserves were rapidly depleting due to its military operations in China and by industrial consumption. 232 Squadron RAF was formed and No. [39][f] Of this figure, 15,000 men were employed in supply, administrative, or other non-combatant roles. Now with a critical shortage of vessels volunteers were called for to see if Perak could be readied to make another voyage. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Lieutenant Richard Pool RN, a survivor from Repulse,had been allocated to ML 310 and writes of his experiences (Pool 1987): All day long columns of evacuees filed patiently along the approach road and on the wharf and gradually found spaces in the miscellany of craft which now thronged the dockside. Lionel Wigmore, the Australian official historian of the Malayan campaign, wrote, Only one of the Indian battalions was up to numerical strength, three (in the 44th Brigade) had recently arrived in a semi-trained condition, nine had been hastily reorganised with a large intake of raw recruits, and four were being re-formed but were far from being fit for action. As Kedahs engines could not be repaired she was towed by Dragonand both safely reached Colombo. The RAF provided meals and then loaded their guests onto three buses which took them to the nearest railhead. : Reynolds made a successful voyage in her from Singapore to Sumatra, taking 76 evacuees. [k][l] The Kappe Report, compiled by Colonels J. H. Thyer and C. H. Kappe, concedes that at most only two-thirds of the Australian troops manned the final perimeter. Within hours, with a small naval escort Perak was amongst the last Allied ships to sail from Batavia. [68] The assault was received by the 2/18th Battalion and the 2/20th Battalion. [56] This was encouraged by the deliberate movement of Japanese troops in this sector to deceive the British. A company from Dalforce fought alongside the 22nd Australian Brigade. [85], The opening at Kranji made it possible for Imperial Guards armoured units to land there unopposed, after which they were able to begin ferrying across their artillery and armour. As a prelude to events unfolding in Singapore in early December 1941 the Japanese Armys 38th Division of over 50,000 men massed on the border between China and the British-leased New Territories. [32][33][34] On 31 January, the last Commonwealth forces crossed the causeway linking Johor and Singapore and engineers blew it up. This information, coupled with its own appreciation, convinced the Japanese War Office of the weakness of the British position (Robinson 2016). [96] The Japanese were given a firm foothold to "build up their force unopposed". Some died during the night as a result of their treatment. A trio of old Yangtze river steamers Kung Wo, Kualaand Tien Kuangwere crewed as naval auxiliaries: RNR officers Brooks and Terry, plus 100 men, embarked in the largest of these, Kung Wo.Others aboard Kung Wo were a five strong media contingent which included an attractive budding Chinese film actress, Doris Lim. In the early afternoon McKerron and the Vlielands were joined by an old friend, Commander C. P. Robinson, the Deputy Master Attendant (Deputy Harbour Master). Many European and Eurasian women and children were evacuated before the end of December. From Padang they set out for Ceylon in a frail proa: During the 36-day voyage, they are gunned by the Japanese, buffeted by turbulent seas, and they lose half their water supply. The documents were delivered to the German Embassy which provided copies to Japanese authorities. [175] Yamashita was tried by a US military commission for war crimes but not for crimes committed by his troops in Malaya or Singapore. This left Rear Admiral Spooner with three river gunboats, Dragonfly, Grasshopper andScorpion, under the command of retired Commander J. Hoffman RN and a squadron of seven motor launches (MLs) under the command of Lieutenant Commander H.Campey, RANVR, plus sundry other small craft. Naval Historical Society of Australia Inc. [160], The loss of Singapore, along with other defeats in Southeast Asia in 1942, reduced British prestige in the region. Financial constraints had hampered construction efforts during the intervening period and shifting strategic circumstances had largely undermined the key premises behind the strategy by the time war had broken out in the Pacific. Having demonstrated their abilities as matelots many of the ex-Kembong crew were offered berths and were part of about 50 men and a dozen women and children taken aboard. The Commonwealth having thought the terrain made them impractical, had no tanks and only a few armoured vehicles, which put them at a severe disadvantage. McKerron, P.A.B., Escape from Singapore Dalforce, Journals 65-67 of the Overseas Services Pensioners Association (OSPA) April 1993 April 1994, London. The British erroneously considered the jungle terrain impassable, leading to a swift Japanese advance as Allied defences were quickly outflanked. Naval Historical Review, Ship histories and stories, WWII operations, History - WW2 Singapore, Ship losses, Australian Naval History Podcasts Just short of Sumatra she was bombed and sunk when about 150 survivors made Banka Island. Finally, on sighting a friendly vessel, they hoist an improvised distress signal, not realizing that the one they select is a warning of their intention to attack. Gibson, Walter, The Boat Singapore Escape, Monsoon, Singapore, 2007. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. Six of the United Kingdom battalions (in the 54th and 55th Brigades of the British 18th Infantry Division) had only just landed in Malaya, and the other seven battalions were under-manned. The Highlanders, now down to 250 men, reformed with the addition of 210 Royal Marine survivors from the Prince of Walesand Repulse. able aboard ahead anchor arms army arrived asked attack battery became began better boat bobby bombs british broke broome brought called ceylon chance climbed coast command craft crew danger dark. [53][54][g] Percival incorrectly guessed that the Japanese would land forces on the north-east side of Singapore, ignoring advice that the north-west was a more likely direction of attack (where the Straits of Johor were the narrowest and a series of river mouths provided cover for the launching of water craft). In the first few minutes of 13 February the headquarters ship Laburnum, signaling by Morse light,gave orders to sail. The British Lieutenant-General, Arthur Percival, commanded 85,000 Allied troops at Singapore, although many units were under-strength and most units lacked experience. Brooke, Geoffrey, Singapores Dunkirk, Leo Cooper, London, 1989. Burroughs, Walter, The Naval Evacuation of Singapore February 1942, Naval Historical Review Vol 40 No 2, June 2019, Naval Historical Society of Australia, Sydney. [59] Also in support was a light tank brigade. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. She was known locally as The Ice-Box, therefore in taking passengers she was of limited value, only able to use the upper deck. The AIF was given a disproportionately small allocation of 100 places to all ranks. With his assent, the remaining flyable Hurricanes were withdrawn to Sumatra. Brigadier Archie Paris with Major Angus Macdonald commandeered a private yacht Celia, skippered by Captain Mike Blackwood, and together with a number of other Highlanders made their way to Padang, only to join the ill-fated SS Rooseboom. Yamashita also accepted full responsibility for the lives of the civilians in the city. [38] Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival, commander of the garrison, had 85,000 soldiersthe equivalent, on paper at least, of just over four divisions. [139][135] Post-war analysis has shown that a counter-attack might have succeeded. Life on the Line Podcasts However, Robinson was aware of the derelict Kembong. On 16 February a small Dutch steamer Tandjong Pinangarrived and embarked the women and children and those who were critically injured, but it was sunk about 12 hours later with only 15 persons reaching land. [74] As the Japanese army advanced towards Singapore Island, the day and night raids increased in frequency and intensity, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties, up to the time of the British surrender. The resistance put up by the company from the 2/19th pushed the follow-on waves of Japanese craft to land around the mouth of Murai River, which resulted in them creating a gap between the 2/19th and 2/18th battalions. published under title: Escape from the rising sun. Nearly all were captured by the Japanese and 21 nurses were summarily executed with a further eight dying in captivity (Shaw 2010). - News Of The World - February 10, 1942 - Gordon Skene Sound Collection - Ominous day, this February 10th in 1942. Please try again. A number of MLs and HDMLs had completed building at Singapore within weeks of the evacuation. Taking effect from 8.30 pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the Imperial Japanese Army. Bypassed elements tried to break out and fall back to the Tengah airfield to rejoin their units and suffered many casualties. "Bennett singled out Indian troops but did not confine his remarks to them. During the first night 13,000 Japanese troops landed and were followed by another 10,000 after first light. The "1942" appears to have been added to the title to avoid confusion with a book by the same name written by S.C. George in 1946. When you buy books using these links the Internet Archive may earn a small commission. Bennetts independent spirit did not fit into the Allied command structure, however his Division generally acquitted themselves well against a seasoned enemy. Many ships and other craft were sunk or disabled and there was considerable loss of life. REEL 1 Account of Japanese invasion of Singapore and her escape from Malaya, 2/1942: blackout; procession of Chinese and Malays taking to woods; work of civil defence; arrival of evacuees from Malayan Peninsula; daily Japanese air raids; behaviour of civilians under air raids; ordered to leave Singapore; problems getting to ship; having to leave ship during air raid prior to departure. Japanese fighters were superior to the Commonwealth fighters, which helped the Japanese to gain air supremacy. A month later they were washed ashore having returned to within a hundred miles of their departure point. Unfortunately, despite all efforts, some military at the point of a gun, forced their way on board. To prevent the remaining ships falling into enemy hands the senior naval officer, Rear Admiral Ernest Spooner, decreed that these must sail by 13 February. Naval Historical Review, WWII operations, History - WW2 Japanese operations, Singapore, Ship losses, Australian Naval History Podcasts [22] The Imperial Japanese Army Air Force was more numerous and better trained than the second-hand assortment of untrained pilots and inferior Commonwealth equipment remaining in Malaya, Borneo and Singapore. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. An edition of Escape from Singapore, 1942 (1974) Escape from Singapore, 1942 the story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters. She sustained casualties, was soon on fire and had to be abandoned before she sank. The Japanese held Singapore until the end of the war. [d] The Japanese overran cities and advanced toward Singapore, which was an anchor for the operations of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), the first Allied joint command of the Second World War. [98] Throughout 10 February further fighting took place around along the Jurong Line, as orders were formulated to establish a secondary defensive line to the west of the Reformatory Road, with troops not then employed in the Jurong Line; misinterpretation of these orders resulted in Taylor, the commander of the 22nd Brigade, prematurely withdrawing his troops to the east, where they were joined by a 200-strong ad hoc battalion of Australian reinforcements, known as X Battalion. Print This Page. With the decision taken to relocate major royal naval assets to Java, most naval personnel were evacuated in MV Empire Staron 12 February. [27][e], At Bakri, from 18 to 22 January, the Australian 2/19th and 2/29th battalions and the 45th Indian Brigade (Lieutenant Colonel Charles Anderson) repeatedly fought through Japanese positions before running out of ammunition near Parit Sulong. This helps enormously in piecing together the still very unclear picture of what happened to women and children of all ethnicities, who tried to get away when Singapore fell on Sunday 15th February 1942. Urgent requests for fire support were made and throughout the night the 2/15th Field Regiment fired over 4,800 rounds. [108][109][110] With the vital water supply of the reservoirs in the centre of the island threatened, the 27th Australian Brigade was later ordered to recapture Bukit Panjang as a preliminary move in retaking Bukit Timah. The artillery and air bombardment strengthened, severely disrupting communications between Commonwealth units and their commanders and affecting preparations for the defence of the island. [17][18] Prior to the Battle of Singapore the most resistance was met at the Battle of Muar which involved the 8th Australian Division and the 45th Indian Brigade. 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