The text states 120,000 did not know their right hand from their left (Jonah 4.11). Jonah had a choice. He could have told the crew to turn the ship back to Joppa. He was Gods channel of blessing but he refused to celebrate his ministry. We read: Then Jonah began to go through the city one days walk; and he cried out and said, Yet forty days and Nineveh will be overthrown (Jonah 3.4).9. Verse 7 - Finding the storm still violent, the crew come to the conclusion that it is sent by Heaven in punishment of some crime committed by one on board; and they proceed to cast lots to discover the guilty person. Site by Glass Canvas, Whither shall I go from thy spirit? This is futility. In the belly of the fish, Jonah finally descends as far as possible and hits (literal) rock bottom the bottom of the sea. But he gives no response, risking the lives of everyone onboard. 7Charles Halton. Perhaps God will be mindful of us so that we may not perish. Then they said to one another, Come, let us cast lots to find out on whose account we have met with this misfortune. So they cast lots, and thus singled out Jonah. Instead, he told them to throw him into the sea. II. In this sovereignly enacted covenant, He declared His blessings to Gentiles would be mediated through a new race of people, the Jews. One problem with analyses of the size of Nineveh is to assume the city was only within the city walls. They were further in.7 The last verse of the book provides additional information about Ninevehs size. I knew You would find a way to spare and bless these pagans. Godwould not let him die. But God would have us reach out to the sinner, to correct with love. Of all the prophets, Jonah is perhaps the most reluctant; his struggle with sin is not hidden. I understand much more of this book now than previously. God planted this question in Jonahs mind to try and bring him to the divine viewpoint (Isaiah 55.8). Bren, Your email address will not be published. Sometimes, to get a mans attention, God creates havoc. They question Jonah more closely and though Jonahs responses are minimal and cagey, eventually the sailors are able to pull from him the whole story of how he has run away from a divine directive. When Jesus prayed on Thursday night that the cup of his suffering be removed from him in such earnestness that he bled, perhaps that degree of intercession had him in the heart of the earth, to some degree. That was Jonah. Judges 7:13,14 And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along, Isaiah 41:6,7 They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother, Be of good courage, Joshua 7:14-18 In the morning therefore ye shall be brought according to your tribes: and it shall be, that the tribe which the LORD taketh shall come according to the families thereof; and the family which the LORD shall take shall come by households; and the household which the LORD shall take shall come man by man, Judges 20:9,10 But now this shall be the thing which we will do to Gibeah; we will go up by lot against it; , 1 Samuel 10:20,21 And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken, Joshua 7:10,13 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Get thee up; wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face? Our present age, the Church age, which has lasted for nearly 2,000 years since the Apostle Paul, exemplifies this fact. Through Jonah, the sailors experienced salvation. Finding him asleep, the flummoxed captain said: How is it that you are sleeping? Romans 9.15-16). Gods will and plan operates within and accommodates human volition. Commentators cite the story of Diagoras told by Cicero ('De Nat. The king hoped for survival. Online and in the booth, he has done voice work with studios in Tokyo and across LA. With in-depth features, Expatica brings the international community closer together. If I take my wings early in the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, Even there also shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me(Ps 139: 7-10). Jonah reacted by going to Joppa and fleeing west to Tarshish (Jonah 1.3, 10). If you wont do it for your own sake, then do it for oursbut call on the Lord! . The Abrahamic Covenant established that all Gentile blessing would come through Israel. Indeed, many people spend lots of money and go miles out of their way in order to be able to stay in sin. villains of the ancient world whose sins are so terrible they merit destruction. To paraphrase: God, I told you they would just repent and you, being a merciful God, would forgive them. One does not get far in an English novel of 1,328 words. 8But both man and beast must be covered with sackcloth; and let men call on God earnestly that each may turn from his wicked way and from the violence which is in his hands (Jonah 3.7-8). The other worker, with whom he made no contract (whatever was right), received pay according to the landowners heart. Delirium-Meanwhile, Jonah had gone down into the hold of the ship, and lay there fast asleep. Phantom, Thank you. Every living thing was clothed in sackcloth () and every living creature fasted ( ). Many people today talk about victimless sins,actions that supposedly dont hurt anyone. Jonah, sent to Nineveh, flees to Tarshish. If Jonah did die, he was resuscitated, not resurrected. Not one to let a prophet pull a disappearing act, God sends a storm to threaten Jonahs shipand it is a doozy. What they feared is unimportant. Soph. I believe Jonah didnt go, nor was the intent of God that he go to preach the Gospel but rather he was to preach judgement. God pursues each of us to restore our broken relationship with Him (Genesis 3.8-10). Meanwhile, the gales grow stronger and civilization continues to crumble. Somewhat like Judas, Jonah and many other sinners do not repent to the Lord but rather are merely ashamed of themselves. V. Dressing Down-The captain came to him and said, What are you doing asleep? They needed to be destroyed! Through Jonah, the Ninevites received salvation. It is too easy for us to wish to destroy those who have harmed us, returning crime for crime, sin for sin. In most cases, He allows man to do as he will and manages His plan behind the scenes. In the 20th century, we often like to doctor up the word of God. Summary- God appointed a worm to kill the plant that Jonah delighted in. This is why He gave the order of ministry in Acts 1.8. He did not provide sunlight for it. No worries. Psalm 139 says, beautifully. God does deliver Jonah. When God called Jonah to go to Nineveh, Jonah fled as far as he could from God. Tell us, they said, what is your business? 2 questions. To all this pain can be added many other sufferingscaused by our greed, addiction, lack of forgiveness, pride, impatience, and lack of charity. caused by our greed, addiction, lack of forgiveness, pride, impatience, and lack of charity. In Jonahs day, they were Israels great enemy. Jonah is now beginning to come to his senses,but not with godly sorrow, more with worldly sorrow. Charles Reade, the English novelist, wrote, Jonah is the most beautiful story ever written in so small a compass.2The story has a clearly defined structure and is replete with figures of speech: puns, hendiadys, merism, chiasm, parallelism, etc. Since the Assyrians did not record military defeats, Sennacherib did not record his failure to destroy Jerusalem or capture its king (Hezekiah). God demonstrated His ultimate mercy and grace in sending His Son to die for our sins and rising from the dead so we might have life and enjoy His fellowship forever. The Scriptures state Jesus was in the earth 3 days and 3 nights. Their gods had failed. The mariners, fearing for their lives, also lose wealthand suffer great losses (by throwing their cargo overboard) on account of Jonahs sinfulness. Twelve years ago, they found out that their baby boy, Jonah, was diagnosed with a fatal rare disease, Sanfilippo Syndrome. I cried for help from the depth of Sheol;You heard my voice. Such objections fall outside the realm of serious scholarship for the Lord Himself attested to itshistoricity (Matthew 12.39-41; Luke 11.29-32) and removed all doubt of the record. Throughout the story, Jonah uses the Socratic method . Defiance also indicates a lack of faith because it comes from the Latin dis (against) and fidere (believe). Determination-Then the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you. Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh (Jonah 3:1-3). Then, God prepared() a worm to eat the gourd which killed it (Jonah 4.7). The bottom line (if youll pardon the financial pun) is that sinful choices are usually very costly. It will begin after God completes His Church, the body of Christ. He is the God of the second chance. 2 I called out of my distress to the Lord, and He answered me. But the LORD sent a large fish, that swallowed Jonah; and Jonah remained in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. Yom Kippur Prayer Services. This is another important lesson: in our sin, our defiance, we often bring storms not only into our own life but also into the lives of others. Note that Jonahs defiance also endangers others. From the belly of Sheol I called for help, and You heard my voice. Jonah is now beginning to come to his senses, In effect, Jonah says to them, Kill me. So much suffering, so much expense, so much extra mileage could be avoided if we just obeyed God. Despite his sin, Jonah does not lose his dignity. From the belly of the fish Jonah prayed to the LORD, his God. Despite his death wish, Jonah is relieved to have the plants protection. Jonah did nothing to merit the gourd. We read: 7Each man said to his mate, Come, let us cast lots so we may learn on whose account this calamity has struck us. So they cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah. Dignity-still the men rowed hard to regain the land, but they could not, for the sea grew ever more turbulent. We read: 5Then the people of Nineveh believed in God; and they called a fast and put on sackcloth from the greatest to the least of them. Now, with a quick divine reminder, the reluctant prophet heads straight for Nineveh and delivers the intended prophecy: Nineveh is wicked and will be destroyed in 40 days. - Jonah is a book about a man that was facing the exact same issue we are raising this morning. Joshua 7:18 And he brought his household man by man; and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was taken. This is what every sinner, whether outside the Church or inside, needs to hear:wake up and look at what youre doing; see how youre affecting yourself and all of us. God's Lesson in Compassion. Could it mean something other than burial? Thanks again for providing greater understanding to this book With appreciation, John. 1The etymology of the name is literally wine-press of the digging and is mentioned in Joshua 19.13 and 2 Kings 14.25. His case is never resolved. Jonah is now on his way to Nineveh, and the word of the Lord has come to him a second time. God promised that the covenant line, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, through whom came the Jews, would bless Gentiles. If we had Jonah's faith, our evangelistic efforts might be multiplied exponentially. Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. I agree that Christ was the first to be permanently raised from the dead. Nevertheless I will look again toward Your holy temple (Jonah 2.4). For whose cause; Septuagint, . we are also members of the Body, members of the community, whether we want to admit it or not. Jonahs repentance is expressed in a long, strange, and beautiful poem that is spoken within the fishs belly, and the language indicates that he is ready to change direction: The bars of the earth closed upon me forever. He slept in the ships hold. We run from Godjust as our first parents did in the garden (Genesis 3.8-10). Jonah (his name means dove) was a prophet from Gath-Hepher,1 a town a few miles north of Nazareth (2 Kings 14.23-25). In sure you have touched a lot of lives.. Keep doing what youre doing. Jonah pouted. In chapter 4, Jonah was in Nineveh and in the desert. Obviously, from their superstitious perspective, some god or gods are angry with somebody, and they are all suffering because of what this person has done. Luke 16:19- reveals Abrahams bosom. The great majority of it. Three days later, in a figurative rebirth, the fish spits Jonah up onto the land. 16Then the men feared the Lord greatly, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord and made vows. In response to Jonahs flight, God hurled () a storm onto the sea. This time, Jonah obeyed. Its a pretty bad day for a prophet when those whom he is supposed to address, must turn and call him to conversion. Ask Nebuchadnezzar. 2. He spends three nights in the belly of the fish and with nowhere left to run, not even death, he finally repents. The power of Gods word is revealed by the peoples response. Maybe, just maybe, God would change His mind and destroy the city. God asked Jonah if he should really be angry about the plant, and Jonah said he should be angry, even to death. How much of our trouble comes from our sin? Too many wander around in a kind of delirium, a moral sleep, talking about their rights and insisting that what they do is nobody elses business. Yet all the while the storm winds buffet and others suffer for what they do. 6When the word reached the king of Nineveh, he arose from his throne, laid aside his robe from him, covered himself with sackcloth and sat on the ashes (Jonah 3.5-6). He pouted and expressed anger. So easily they remain locked in self-deception and rationalizations, ignoring the damage they are inflicting upon others. Salvation is from the Lord (Jonah 2.9). I do not deserve to live.. This is another important lesson: in our sin, our defiance, we often bring storms not only into our own life but also into the lives of others. The crew, decent men, insist on trying once more to row to shore, a desperate attempt to save the man who had callously endangered their lives. Whether he did or not does not affect the Lords statement of his own death. 2002-2023 My Jewish Learning. Once again, God wont permit him to perish without facing his mistakes and, where previously God sent a giant fish to save him from the water, this time God sprouts a plant to shelter Jonah from the burning sun. Now he had gone down into the sea monster to the depths of death (Jonah 2.6). The worms destruction of the gourd was a picture of Gods potential destruction of Nineveh. Jonah did his best to escape one great fish, only to be swallowed by another. The phrasing of the order emphasized individual accountability and personal responsibility: that each may turn from his wicked way. The text reads: 7He issued a proclamation and it said, In Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles: Do not let man, beast, herd, or flock taste a thing. Copyright 2023 Catholic Standard But he gives no response, risking the lives of everyone onboard. Jesus told the Jews the Ninevites would judge them because they had repented because of Jonahs preaching and that He was greater than Jonah. It would be an interesting study to see what the heart of the earth actually means. 7 And they said to one another, "Come, let us cast lots, that we may know on whose account this evil has come upon us." So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Of all the prophets, Jonah is perhaps the most reluctant; his struggle with sin is not hidden. 7 Then the crew cast lots to see which of them had offended the gods and caused the terrible storm. Externally, Assyria was threatened by Arameans and Urartians and suffered famine and revolts internally. But Jonah is not pleased. When I read the Biblical account, I see that Jonah actually dies and is resurrected. Jesus called this day the Tribulation (Matthew 24.21, 29). And where do you come from? If I ascend into heaven, thou art there; if I descend into hell, thou art present. Rise up, call upon your God! He did not want the city to be spared, because he knew that the Assyrians would eventually conquer Israel. Even the fallen deserve our love and respect as fellow human beings. He has declared the first shall be last, and the last first (Matthew 20.16). The point of Jesus parable and the point of Jonah is that grace is greater than law. That which I have vowed I will pay. Reputation of wicked Nineveh well-known. Ephesians 4 :8-10 First Peter 3:19,20 4:6 reveal where Jesus went during his three days in the grave. Fresco of Jonah being thrown into the sea - Catacombs of Priscilla, Rome. if so be that God will think upon us, that we perish not. Same God. He said to them, Pick me up and throw me into the sea. So, too, are we when we defiantly indulge sinfulness. Then the sea will become calm for you, for I know that on account of me this great storm has come upon you (Jonah 1.12). IX. God does the unexpected. b. Jonah prefigured the fulfillment of this promise which will culminate in the Messianic (Millennial) kingdom. The gourd was Gods mercy to Jonah. I do not see Jonah as having fear, or being scared or afraid. - I had toyed with the idea of concluding this series last week but there are some nagging words at the end of the book that I believe we need to study. John, Thank you. Or whither shall I flee from thy face? Few examples of Gentile salvation exist in the Old Testament. As our defiance deepens, the headwinds become ever stronger and the destructive forces ever more powerful. After his whale of a ride, a ride in which he must experience the full depths and acidic truth of his sinfulness, Jonah is finally delivered by God right back to the shore of Joppa where it all began. In the story we see a portrait of sin and of God's love for sinners. Rather than heed this call, Jonah flees in the opposite direction on a ship to Tarshish, across the Mediterranean Sea (in ancient terms, this is basically the other side of the world). After the great fish vomited up Jonah on dry ground, God appeared to Jonah a second time (3:1). Yes, sin is usually very expensivebut many seem quite willing to pay the price. God replied to Jonah:Do you have good reason to be angry (Jonah 4.4)? VI. Despair-They asked, What shall we do with you, that the sea may quiet down for us? For the sea was growing more and more turbulent. Gamble against God and youll lose. Despite his rebellion, Jonah kept his testimony and spoke the truth: I fear the Lord God of heaven who made the sea and the dry land. God honors His word. When Godquestioned Jonah over his anger about the loss of the gourd he responded: My anger is justifiedeven to death(Jonah 4.9). It is true, however,that not everyone is willing or able to be corrected. Jonahs ministry is the greatest exception. The other suggestion is in the paragraph Salvation to the Gentiles, in your Conclusion. Jonah decided it was better to live than to die, due to his discomfort. 8Sennacherib boasted hemade Hezekiah a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage (Magnus Magnusson,Archaeology and the Bible, 1977, p.186). A day is coming when Gods patience will end. I have a question about the scripture that reads: for just as JONAH WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE BELLY OF THE SEA MONSTER, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. Since Jesus was not dead and buried for three nights, what does in the heart of the earth mean? He then asked the laborers if he did not have the right to do what he wanted with his own money. Once Gd commanded Jonah to go to Nineveh, one of the largest cities of that time and foretell its destruction, because the evil of its inhabitants had reached the limit. d. K. M. Craig, Jr. stated it was enormously varied, rich, and complex (A Poetics of Jonah: Art in the Service of Ideology). So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Jonahs defiance sends him and others headlong into a storm. Chapter 1 ends, And the Lord appointed a great fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the stomach of the fish three days and three nights (Jonah 1.17).6 This verse fits more appropriately as the beginning of chapter 2 which contains Jonahs prayer to God. Who can tell if God will turn and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger, that we perish not. On account of selfishness and sexual misbehavior, many families have been torn apart. Disturbance-The LORD, however, hurled a violent wind upon the sea, and in the furious tempest that arose the ship was on the point of breaking up. Jonah Scott will no longer be appearing this year. Another revealing study of the rhetorical aspects of Jonah is Rhetorical Criticism: Context, Method, and the Book of Jonah by Phyllis Trible. The angel of the Lord killed his expeditionary force of 185,000 soldiers (2 Kings 19.32-6; Isaiah 37.36-37). 5This raises interesting questions about the nature of reality. Some things must ultimately be left to God. Jonah said to them, Pick me up and throw me into the sea, that it may quiet down for you; since I know it is because of me that this violent storm has come upon you.. 1 From inside the fish, Jonah prayed to the LORD his God, 2 saying: "In my distress I called to the LORD, and He answered me. To deny the historicity of Jonah is to deny Christs resurrection. Jonah was one of only four writing prophets that Jesus mentioned by name during His earthly ministry (Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah were the others). Even his forced timeout in the belly of the fish does not affect true repentance. AEschylus, 'Electr.,' 1354; 'Theb.,' 598; Horat., 'Carm.,' 3:2, 26, etc.) Hence Jonah is not just insubordinate; he is unbelieving and untrusting. We are currently reading Jonahs story in daily Mass. The text doesnt say. Each response was internal (were afraid, believed), spoken (cried to god, proclaimed a fast), and active (cast wares, put on sackcloth). The Lord Jesus Christ picked up our tab and paid it all. 1 Corinthians 4:5 Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God. I learned a lot. The teaching is clear: persistent and unrepentant sin brings storms, disturbances, and troubles. The sailors repented from following false gods to trusting the one true God. What is your occupation? The men did not accept Jonah's offer until they had made every effort to save themselves in other ways. In a remarkable turn in the story, those who are not believers in the God of Israel dress down Jonah, who is to be Gods prophet, unto repentance! Hill had his arm out the window when the car flipped mid-joyride. The challenge for believers is to rejoice in Gods salvation and His goodness. I cried for help from the depth of Sheol; All Your breakers and billows passed over me. His scoffing and defiance likely result from hatred or excessive nationalism. Jonah's willingness also shows his awareness that his actions had displeased God. ), king of Assyria, invaded Israel during Hezekiahs reign about 50 years later. God pursues each of us to restore our broken relationship with Him (Genesis 3.8-10). Story of Diagoras told by Cicero ( 'De Nat many other sinners do not repent the... Site by Glass Canvas, Whither shall I go from thy spirit Jonah was in Nineveh in... Of sin and of God depth of Sheol ; all Your breakers and billows passed over me Gods is! Allows man to do what he wanted with his own money from or! Much of our trouble comes from our sin the earth actually means Jonah delighted in appointed worm! 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